Key Areas of Expertise: Our key areas of expertise are enlisted below:
Environmental Impact Assessment
Carrying out Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
Preparation of Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Technical Assistance In Addressing Environmental Implications
Technical Advice on Mitigation Measures
Design & Execution of Impact Monitoring Systems
Environmental Audits
Audits for Internal Elements Including Health And Safety Issues
Audits for External Elements Including Impacts on Surrounding Air, Land and Water Resources
Recommendations for Maximizing Short And Long Term Financial Efficiency
Performance Optimization
Audits for ISO 14000 Standards
Risk And Hazard Assessment
Collection And Evaluation Of Toxicological Data
Analysis Of Migration Of Contaminants Into The Environment
Quantification Of Impact Of Contaminants on Human Population and Ecosystem
Air Emission Modeling and Effects Assessment
Groundwater Contamination Modeling And Risk Assessment
Environmental Monitoring And Control
Analysis Of Chemical and Biochemical Contaminants
Effluent Sampling and Analysis
Emissions Measurements And Monitoring
Dispersion Models and Forecasts
Noise Measurement
Traffic Noise Modeling
Urban Planning And Development
Designing of Urban Areas
Technical Advices on Urban Areas Management
Evaluation of the Development.
Monitoring and Designing
Natural Disaster Plan Management
Environmental Management
Developing an Environmental Management System
Implementation of System
Monitoring of the System.
Technical Advices for Maintenance and Compliance of ISO Standards.
Carbon Capture, Storage and Sequestering
Carbon Financing and Sequestering Project
Estimation of Economic Viability of Alternative Energy Resources.
Determination of Demand Analysis Developing of a Clean Mechanism System
Awareness and Marketing on Carbon Financing
EU ETS Air Emissions Monitoring
Starting
from 2012, air traffic is to be included into the European CO2 Emissions
Trading Scheme. Aircraft
operators are affected by the emissions trading scheme that operate flights
within the European
Union and also continental flights from and to the EU.
Although
the Aviation Emissions Trading Scheme officially begins in the year 2012,
critical tasks influencing
the competitiveness of the affected operators are required in 2009. Aircraft
operators, whose aircrafts arrive at or depart from an aerodrome in the
European Union must submit their “Monitoring Plans” for monitoring their
CO2-emissions and tonne-kilometres (t-km) by the end of November 2009.
The
Monitoring Plans have to meet the requirements of the EU Monitoring and
Reporting Guidelines on the one hand and the legal requirements of the assigned
national Competent Authority on the other hand. They will be the basis for the
verification of tonne-kilometres and CO2 reports and will not be able to be
changed in a reporting period. Therefore, a suitable preparation, especially
for the t-km monitoring plan 2010, is necessary and very beneficial during the
reporting.
If
an operator fails to submit approvable Monitoring Plans in time until November
30th 2009, a free allocation of CO2 emissions rights from 2012 until
2020 cannot be guaranteed, which could result in high financial losses.
We at Techfinity, along with our partners, advice and provide complete consultancy in
Air Emissions Monitoring as per the compliance standards of EU.
Waste water treatment Plants
Analysis of Biological and Chemicals Containments in Water.
Estimation of Impacts on Human Health.
Designing Of Safe And Cost-Effective Water And Sanitation System
Provide Technical Advices.
CDM Consultancy
The CDM is a unique framework created by the Kyoto Protocol under international law and overseen by organizations established by that treaty. The International Rules allow for public and private sector participation in the CDM. They provide a framework for independent audit of a proposed project, a set of national and international approvals-which must be obtained before a CDM project is eligible to create CERs and the measurement and verification of emission reductions to be credited as CERs. At the domestic level, nationals laws have been, or bare being implemented that further regulate CDM projects and also directly influence pricing. The incentive to create CERs, and the demand to acquire them, is driven by obligation to meet emission reduction such as the EU ETS.CER purchasing has been driven mainly by meeting obligations imposed under the first commitment period of Kyoto and phase two of the EU-ETS. Demand from governments and private participants in the market currently far exceed supply, with buyers entering into long-term contracts. The legal rules relating to the creation, trading, and utilization of CERs directly affect, and impose some restraints on CER prices.
Management Consultancy
At TECHFINITY it's our mission to bring industry and research together and enable it to take a form of new venture. Experts at TECHFINITY assist you to believe in your inspirations and shape them into veracity. We provide you with services entail to prove your idea is viable and you are moving in the right direction. We also engage our specialists to provide you with essential management and administrative expertise to burgeon your organization.
Our focus areas are as follows:
Exploring new Horizons:
We provide and develop dynamic and close business relationships with variety of large local and international firms to form international consortiums. We help in setting up manufacturing business enterprise and to assist them in product selection, development, and production line setup and product ionization.
Project based Consultancy:
TECHFINITY offer expert consultancy services ranging from conception to completion and operation of projects. The scope of these services cover pre-feasibility and feasibility studies, surveying and mapping, investigations, design, tendering & contract documentations, construction / installation supervision, contract supervision, contract management and post construction services. We undertake projects in various sectors i.e ICT, Energy (Renewable Energy, Power, and Oil & Gas etc), Infrastructure, Telecom, Light Engineering and Automobile etc.
Management Services:
TECHFINITY has involved highly qualified experts who offer preeminent consultancy services in GRC (Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance), change management, HR Solutions, IT Support Services, Branding and Marketing and Event Management.
Our experts help organizations to conduct such activities which can include the entire project carried out by our team on fully outsourced basis or assist the existing internal function to provide them full support with their proficient expertise and experience. We enable organizations to adopt systematic approach to manage their functions and operations.
Urban Planning & Development
Urban planning integrates land use planning and transport planning to improve the built and social environments of communities. Regional planning deals with a still larger environment, at a less detailed level.At TECHFINITY, we propose and prepare the comprehensive and specific urban plans
at the national level, and follow up the implementation.
We also
Propose investment projects which are needed for Urban
development works.
Conduct economic feasibility study for such projects,
estimate the necessary budgets, propose how the projects
would implemented and necessary
regulations for their management, operation and marketing.
Disaster Risk Managment
Disaster Risk management is a comparatively new area of
social concern and practice. However, it is a very relevant concern for development
cooperation given that natural disasters have devastated an increasing number of
regions, destroyed investments and set back progress in development. Often,
countries victim to the large-scale impacts of earthquakes, tornadoes, typhoons,
floods or droughts are barely able to respond, and recovering can take years or
decades. TECHFINITY provides
Multi-disciplinary teams for project feasibility studies
Assessment of technical, economic and social aspects of disaster
risk management in particular cultural and geographic contexts.
Services in problem/project definition, in data collection
and modeling, in economic and social analysis, in solution development
and in policy implementation for public and private sector risk
management
Capacity Building
TECHFINITY helps develop a wide range of capacity building programs and services for individuals, groups, or entire institutions. These programs offer training to hundreds of people each year, giving them the skills they need to succeed in an increasingly flat world.
TECHFINITY works closely with clients to ensure we understand exactly what they need. Clients may choose to engage with one or more of these services, depending on project needs.
GIS & Remote Sensing
TECHFINITY provides clients with a range of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) products and services that complement our traditional environmental assessment and monitoring services. Our experienced GIS professionals are familiar with a range of satellite data products and use the latest digital image processing and GIS software packages.
Financial Consultancy
SAP Licensing, Implementation & Training & Technical Support
With an aim to improve its processes and streamline the activities as per international standards, many large organizations have taken up the task to implement SAP ERP Solution. Although SAP is world renowned ERP system and it is implemented in literally all the large corporations of the world, and its reporting system in also very efficient but still there are certain reports which are peculiar requirements of every organization, which cannot be catered through the standard reporting module of SAP. For that matter reports are either generated thru SAP Query Builder, or ABAP reports. For generating these reports, organizations have to rely on the implementer. Also to modify and to some extent customization would also be required to be done in FICO, MM, SD and HCM etc modules for efficiently utilizing and getting the most out of this ERP solution.
Although training is given to the users by the implementing partner, but this training is just the end user training aimed at using the configured module of the SAP. It is imperative to have a comprehensive training session of the personnel of various departments i.e Finance, Audit, Budget and HRM etc. This training, if imparted, would be very helpful in capacity building of any company's staff as well as in overcoming the fear of using the new system.
SAP Technical Support ServicesÂ
We provide onsite SAP support services also on per hour/project and on problem solving and success fee basis.
Highly cost-effective competitive rates for support services you can bet on us for best pricing
Completed several projects and supported number of professional augmentation challenges
Access our well experienced 500+ SAP functional and technical consultants worldwide
Consistent SAP All-in-One system support, covering the full range of SAP functions with great flexibility
The SAP Knowledge Transfer
The Complete Annual Support Package
Extensive yet flexible 3 delivery support models
Onsite Support
Remote (Offshore) Support Model for non-critical ABAP development support, remote netweaver basis and technical support, help desk and level 2 and 3 support .
Benefits of Outsourcing SAP support:
Flexible Client Specific Support Package, to meet your specific needs
Highly Cost Effective: We truly delivering value for your money
Increased efficiency and productivity through business continuity
On schedule calls to ensure smooth running of SAP support function plan actions ahead to replace "fire-fighting"
Energy
Energy Management Consultancy:
Our consultants provide services in some special areas such as Energy Audit, Energy Management, and Energy Conservation etc. We advice on the development of emission reduction projects basing on strategic advisory and also engage our proficient team in energy related projects as per your requirement and need.
Wind Energy
In the modern age, people in the West have largely forgotten how much they owe historically to wind energy. Wind (along with small hydro) has provided energy for grinding corn—a staple food. Wind also drained potentially rich wetlands to expose nutrient-rich soils for intensive agriculture. Wind drove the ships which built the first stage of the modern global economy.
Then wind was forgotten, as all of these activities were powered on a much larger scale and apparently much more cheaply by fossil fuels. Modern wind energy is provided by large turbines grouped in combinations known as wind farms. Although they are often located on existing farms, they are clearly an industrial enterprise.
Solar Energy
The quintessential power of the planet is the sun. The most fundamental use of solar power is photosynthesis, whereby plants use the sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into vegetal matter such as cellulose and starches.
Modern solar power includes two processes, one being the passive use of sunlight to warm water, which can be used directly as hot water and also for space heating. The other process needs a group of interconnected photovoltaic cells to convert daylight into electricity. The photovoltaic effect was first observed by Edmond Bequerel in 1839, but it wasn’t until the 1950s that high-efficiency solar cells were developed, primarily for use in remote locations that could not be linked efficiently to the grid, or for specialized applications such as space flight and orbiting satellites. The drive to increase the solar segment of the energy mix significantly has risen in parallel with the rise of wind power, although currently solar accounts for only 0.21 percent of the worldwide primary energy consumption compared with 0.57 percent provided by wind energy.
Like wind, solar power shares the disadvantage of intermittency and the disadvantage of higher recurrent costs compared with fossil fuels and nuclear power. That, however, is beginning to change, as major players are making heavy investments in new technology, driven by the need to provide fuel security and combat climate change. Solar power enjoys the important advantage of being highly suited for use in the home and other buildings. Roofs can be adapted for solar heating panels and photovoltaic arrays.
Tidal Energy and Wave Energy
Like wind power and solar power, tidal energy is intermittent. However, it is extremely predictable, and it could deliver electricity on a scale and at a competitive price that equals large HEP, fossil fuels, and nuclear power. Furthermore, there is a successful model, the 240MW Rance barrage, which was built near St. Malo in the 1960s. In addition, three smaller projects are operating in Canada, Russia, and China.
Studies have been made of the tidal potential of several major estuaries,. The Severn scheme would have a turbine capacity of 12,000 MW. Power can be drawn on the ebb or the flow of the tide, or both. But even when generating power from both ebb and flow, two tides per day, power would be generated only one-third of the day. So the annual output would equal fossil fuel and nuclear stations with only one-third of the megawatt capacity, assuming uninterrupted production from them. Fortunately, there is a considerable difference in the timing of the tides around the coast, so one facility could balance the production of others.
So what is holding back the development of tidal power? Although there are some environmental concerns, they are less significant than those associated with wind farms. The visual impact on the landscape is very minor, less than a cantilevered bridge or a transmission line. However, there are concerns that changes in the tidal habitat will have a negative effect on birds and aquatic ecosystems. The real problem, in fact, is cost. The estimated capital cost of the Severn barrage in 1992 was Ł10.2 billion. Obviously, the smaller projects would cost less, but they would also deliver less power.
Another interesting factor that could have an impact on the development of tidal energy is the gradual acceptance of toll roads, beginning ironically with the first bridge across the Severn Estuary. A new design for the Severn barrage for this purpose would surely include a road, and possibly a rail link as well. Barrages across the Mersey and Dee would certainly attract a road link. Toll roads on such shortcuts across the geography of Britain would dramatically change the economics of the potential for tidal power. Furthermore, the carbon credits that such projects might now earn would add another significant plus to the cost benefit analysis. Wave power is more on the scale of wind and solar power. To make it commercial requires multiple small energy converters yoked together in wave farms. Prototype projects have been running for over a decade. The energy potential is certainly there; the perceived negative environmental impacts are minimal compared with onshore wind farms, because, as with offshore wind farms, and tidal barrages there are no neighbors at sea. It is a huge source of potentially cheap energy waiting to be harnessed. Estimated costs of delivered energy have fallen dramatically over the past 25 years from 30 pence per kilowatt hour to 4 pence per kilowatt hour. It appears that wave energy is at the point that solar energy and wind energy were 10 years ago.
Geothermal Energy
Many communities have made use of steam and warm water emerging from the rocks, wherever a heated rock structure diffused heat to an aquifer. Iceland, New Zealand, Italy, Hungary, and California provide examples.
The Romans utilized geothermal heat at their spa in Bath (now United Kingdom). During the 1970s oil crisis, we saw a great increase in interest in the potential of geothermal energy worldwide. It is the most reliable source as it produces constant output, independent of the atmospheric or hydrological cycles. It is right under your feet, so there is no risk of international political crises disrupting your supply. Strictly speaking, it is not exploited in a renewable way, as producers tended to extract more heat than is replaced by the thermal processes underground. But, in favorable circumstances, a properly managed site could have its boreholes rotated in such a way that the heat source would be replenished over a period of decades.
Energy from geothermal sources can be accessed either as warm water, used mainly for space heating and hot water supply, or, with sufficient thermal gradient, electricity can be produced. The leading producers today are the Philippines, the United States, Indonesia, Mexico, and Italy. Favorable conditions for exploitation are extremely site specific, but the potential is significant and very secure, while emitting very small quantities of greenhouse gases. Interest waned as oil prices came down after the 1970s OPEC price spike, but now, with the expectation of oil and gas prices staying high, development will proceed steadily.
High End Technologies
Clean Energy Technologies
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WHR Plants
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Zero flaring Equipments
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Robotics
The word "robot" originates from the Czech word for forced labor, or serf. It was introduced by playwright Karel Capek, whose fictional robotic inventions were much like Dr. Frankenstein's monster -- creatures created by chemical and biological, rather than mechanical, methods. But the current mechanical robots of popular culture are not much different from these fictional biological creations. Basically a robots consists of:
A mechanical device, such as a wheeled platform, arm, or other construction, capable of interacting with its environment
Sensors on or around the device that are able to sense the environment and give useful feedback to the device
Systems that process sensory input in the context of the device's current situation and instruct the device to perform actions in response to the situation
Robot, defined
"A re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks."
-- From the Robot Institute of America, 1979
In the manufacturing field, robot development has focused on engineering robotic arms that perform manufacturing processes. In the space industry, robotics focuses on highly specialized, one-of-kind planetary rovers. Unlike a highly automated manufacturing plant, a planetary rover operating on the dark side of the moon -- without radio communication -- might run into unexpected situations. At a minimum, a planetary rover must have some source of sensory input, some way of interpreting that input, and a way of modifying its actions to respond to a changing world. Furthermore, the need to sense and adapt to a partially unknown environment requires intelligence (in other words, artificial intelligence).
From military technology and space exploration to the health industry and commerce, the advantages of using robots have been realized to the point that they are becoming a part of our collective experience and every day lives.
They function to relieve us from danger and tedium:
Safety: Robotics have been developed to handle nuclear and radioactive chemicals for many different uses including nuclear weapons, power plants, environmental cleanup, and the processing of certain drugs.
Unpleasantness: Robots perform many tasks that are tedious and unpleasant, but necessary, such as welding or janitorial work.
Repetition and precision: Assembly line work has been one of the mainstays of the robotics industry. Robots are used extensively in manufacturing and, more glamorously, in space exploration, where minimum maintenance requirements are emphasized.
Mechanical platforms -- the hardware base
A robot consists of two main parts: the robot body and some form of artificial intelligence (AI) system. Many different body parts can be called a robot. Articulated arms are used in welding and painting; gantry and conveyor systems move parts in factories; and giant robotic machines move earth deep inside mines. One of the most interesting aspects of robots in general is their behavior, which requires a form of intelligence. The simplest behavior of a robot is locomotion. Typically, wheels are used as the underlying mechanism to make a robot move from one point to the next. And some force such as electricity is required to make the wheels turn under command.
Motors
A variety of electric motors provide power to robots, allowing them to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices with various programmed motions. The efficiency rating of a motor describes how much of the electricity consumed is converted to mechanical energy. Let's take a look at some of the mechanical devices that are currently being used in modern robotics technology. DC motor: Permanent-magnet, direct-current (PMDC) motors require only two leads, and use an arrangement of fixed- and electro-magnets (stator and rotor) and switches. These form a commutator to create motion through a spinning magnetic field. AC motor: AC motors cycle the power at the input-leads, to continuously move the field. Given a signal, AC and DC motors perform their action to the best of their ability. Stepper motor: Stepper motors are like a brushless DC or AC motor. They move the rotor by applying power to different magnets in the motor in sequence (stepped). Steppers are designed for fine control and will not only spin on command, but can spin at any number of steps-per-second (up to their maximum speed). Servomotors: Servomotors are closed-loop devices. Given a signal, they adjust themselves until they match the signal. Servos are used in radio control airplanes and cars. They are simple DC motors with gearing and a feedback control system. Driving mechanisms Gears and chains: Gears and chains are mechanical platforms that provide a strong and accurate way to transmit rotary motion from one place to another, possibly changing it along the way. The speed change between two gears depends upon the number of teeth on each gear. When a powered gear goes through a full rotation, it pulls the chain by the number of teeth on that gear. Pulleys and belts: Pulleys and belts, two other types of mechanical platforms used in robots, work the same way as gears and chains. Pulleys are wheels with a groove around the edge, and belts are the rubber loops that fit in that groove. Gearboxes: A gearbox operates on the same principles as the gear and chain, without the chain. Gearboxes require closer tolerances, since instead of using a large loose chain to transfer force and adjust for misalignments, the gears mesh directly with each other. Examples of gearboxes can be found on the transmission in a car, the timing mechanism in a grandfather clock, and the paper-feed of your printer.
The robot platform runs off of two separate battery packs, which share only a ground. This way, the motor may dirty up one power source while the electronics can run off of the other. The electronics and the motors can also operate from different voltages. Electronic control
There are two major hardware platforms in a robot. The mechanical platform of unregulated voltages, power and back-EMF spikes, and the electronic platform of clean power and 5-volt signals. These two platforms need to be bridged in order for digital logic to control mechanical systems. The classic component for this is a bridge relay. A control signal generates a magnetic field in the relay's coil that physically closes a switch. MOSFETs, for example, are highly efficient silicon switches, available in many sizes like the transistor that can operate as a solid state relay to control the mechanical systems.
On the other hand, larger sized robots may require a PMDC motor in which the value of the MOSFET's "on" resistance Rds(on) results in great increases in the heat dissipation of the chip, thereby significantly reducing the chip's heat temperature. Junction temperatures within the MOSFET and the coefficients of conduction of the MOSFET package and heat sink are other important characteristics of PMDC motors.
There are two broad families of transistor: bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). In BJT devices, a small current flow at the base moderates a much larger current between the emitter and collector. In FET devices, the presence of an electrical field at the gate moderates the flow between the source and drain. Sensors
Robots react according to a basic temporal measurement, requiring different kinds of sensors.
In most systems a sense of time is built-in through the circuits and programming. For this to be productive in practice, a robot has to have perceptual hardware and software, which updates quickly. Regardless of sensor hardware or software, sensing and sensors can be thought of as interacting with external events (in other words, the outside world). The sensor measures some attribute of the world. The term transducer is often used interchangeably with sensor. A transducer is the mechanism, or element, of the sensor that transforms the energy associated with what is being measured into another form of energy. A sensor receives energy and transmits a signal to a display or computer. Sensors use transducers to change the input signal (sound, light, pressure, temperature, etc.) into an analog or digital form capable of being used by a robot. Logical sensors: One powerful abstraction of a sensor is a logical sensor, which is a unit of sensing or module that supplies a particular percept. It consists of the signal processing, from the physical sensor, and the software processing needed to extract the percept. Proprioceptive sensors: Proprioception is dead reckoning, where the robot measures a signal originating within itself. Proximity sensors: A proximity sensor measures the relative distance between the sensor and objects in the environment. Infrared (IR) sensors: Another type of active proximity sensor is an infrared sensor. It emits near-infrared energy and measures whether any significant amount of the IR light is returned. Bump and feeler sensors: Another popular class of robotic sensing is tactile, or touch-based, done with a bump and feeler sensor. Feelers or whiskers are constructed from sturdy wires. A bump sensor is usually a protruding ring around the robot consisting of two layers. Microcontroller systems
Microcontrollers (MCUs) are intelligent electronic devices used inside robots. They deliver functions similar to those performed by a microprocessor (central processing unit, or CPU) inside a personal computer. MCUs are slower and can address less memory than CPUs, but are designed for real-world control problems. One of the major differences between CPUs and MCUs is the number of external components needed to operate them. MCUs can often run with zero external parts, and typically need only an external crystal or oscillator.
There are four basic aspects of a microcontroller: speed, size, memory, and other. Speed is designated in clock cycles, and is usually measured in millions of cycles per second (Megahertz, MHz). The use of the cycles varies in different MCUs, affecting the usable speed of the processor. Size specifies the number of bits of information the MCU can process in one step -- the size of its natural cluster of information. MCUs come in 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-bits, with 8-bit MCUs being the most common size. MCUs count most of their ROM in thousands of bytes (KB) and RAM in single bytes. Many MCUs use the Harvard architecture, in which the program is kept in one section of memory (usually the internal or external SRAM). This in turn allows the processor to access the separate memories more efficiently.
The fourth aspect of microcontrollers, referred to as "other", includes features such as a dedicated input device that often (but not always) has a small LED or LCD display for output. A microcontroller also takes input from the device and controls it by sending signals to different components in the device. Also the program counter keeps track of which command is to be executed by the microcontroller. R/C Servos: Servomotors, used in radio-controlled models (cars, planes, etc.) are useful in many kinds of smaller robots, because they are compact and quite inexpensive. The servomotors themselves have built-in motor, gearbox, position-feedback mechanisms and controlling electronics. Standard radio control servomotors which are used in model airplanes, cars and boats are useful for making arms, legs and other mechanical appendages which move back and forth rather than rotating in circles. Animatronic systems
Animatronic systems are robotic systems which mimic and look like humans. An android is an anthropomorphic robot -- in other words, a robot that looks like a human. Pneumatics: Pneumatics is the name for fluid power used in a large number of commercial robots. Pneumatics are also used in a variety of animatronic systems that fall under the category of fluid power. A more well known branch of fluid power is hydraulics.
High End Equipments.
Software and IT solutions.
TECHFINITY is one of the leading software development companies in Pakistan with focus on product based development. Our clientèle is a diverse mix of local, multinational and foreign enterprises.
Nanotechnology
What is Nanotechnology?
A basic definition: Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced.
In its original sense, 'nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products.
When K. Eric Drexler (right) popularized the word 'nanotechnology' in the 1980's, he was talking about building machines on the scale of molecules, a few nanometers wide—motors, robot arms, and even whole computers, far smaller than a cell. Drexler spent the next ten years describing and analyzing these incredible devices, and responding to accusations of science fiction. Meanwhile, mundane technology was developing the ability to build simple structures on a molecular scale. As nanotechnology became an accepted concept, the meaning of the word shifted to encompass the simpler kinds of nanometer-scale technology. The U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative was created to fund this kind of nanotech: their definition includes anything smaller than 100 nanometers with novel properties.
Much of the work being done today that carries the name 'nanotechnology' is not nanotechnology in the original meaning of the word. Nanotechnology, in its traditional sense, means building things from the bottom up, with atomic precision. This theoretical capability was envisioned as early as 1959 by the renowned physicist Richard Feynman. I want to build a billion tiny factories, models of each other, which are manufacturing simultaneously. . .The principles of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom. It is not an attempt to violate any laws; it is something, in principle, that can be done; but in practice, it has not been done because we are too big. ” Richard Feynman, Nobel Prize winner in physics
Based on Feynman's vision of miniature factories using nanomachines to build complex products, advanced nanotechnology (sometimes referred to as molecular manufacturing) will make use of positionally-controlled mechanochemistry guided by molecular machine systems. Formulating a roadmap for development of this kind of nanotechnology is now an objective of a broadly based technology roadmap project led by Battelle (the manager of several U.S. National Laboratories) and the Foresight Nanotech Institute.
Shortly after this envisioned molecular machinery is created, it will result in a manufacturing revolution, probably causing severe disruption. It also has serious economic, social, environmental, and military implications.
